Reaction products of pentaerythritol and phosphites as vinyl chloride stabilizer



3 ,28 l ,3 81 Patented Oct. 25, 1966 REACTION PRODUCTS F PENTAERYTHRITOL 9N? PHOSPHITES AS VINYL CHLORIDE STABI- lZ R Ingenuin Hechenbleikner, Clarksburg, and Francis C. Lanoue, North Adams, Mass., assignors to Hooker Chemical Corporation, Niagara Falls, N.Y., a corporation of New York No Drawing. Filed June 17, 1958, Ser. No. 742,484

9 Claims. (Cl. 260-23) This application is a continuation-inapart of application Serial No. 582,075, filed May 2, 1956, now Patent 2,847,443, issued August 12, 1958.

This invention relates to novel pentaerythritol type phosphites and to vinyl and vinylidene resins stabilized with such phosphites.

It is an object of the present invention to prepare new phosphites of pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and tripentaerythritol.

It is another object of the invention to prepare halo-gen containing vinyl and vinylidene resin com-positions showing improved resistance to discoloration on exposure to the action of heat.

A further object is the development of new gasoline additives which will prevent preignition.

Still further objects and the entire scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter; it should be understood, however, that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by Way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed descrpition.

These objects are accomplished by the pre aration of novel mixed phosphites of (1) pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and tripentaerythritol and (2) various aphenols.

In some instances it is possible to prepare the novel phosphite by reacting the appropriate diaromat-ic monochlorophosphite with pentaerythritol or its dimer or trimer or by reacting the appropriate aromatic dichlor-opho-sephite with the pentaerythritol or its dimer or trimer.

However, the much preferred procedure is by partial trans-esterification of a tertiary aromatic phosphite having the formula Products of group (a) above are made from 4 mols of the tertiary aromatic phosphite for each mol of pentaerythritol. Products of group (b) above are made from 2 mols of the tertiary aromatic phosphite for each mol of the pentaerythritol. Products of group (c) above are made from 3 mols of the tertiary aromatic phosphite for each mol of the pentaerythritol. In order to make substantially pure 'products these mol ratios should not be varied to any great extent. The products from dipentaerythritol are made by using 6 mols of the tertiary aromatic phosphite per mol of dipentaerythritol and the products from tripentaerythritol are made from 8 mols of the tertiary aromatic phosphite per mol of tripentaerythritol.

All of the new compounds have been found to have a variety of uses. Thus, they can be used as heat stabilizers for halogen containing vinyl and vinylidene resins, as set forth below. The gasoline soluble cyclic compounds are useful as gasoline additives to react with the tetraethyl lead present to form lead phosphate and prevent preignitron.

The new compounds are also useful as antioxidants for lubricating oils, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, such as butadiene-styrene copolymer, etc.

As the starting phosphites there can be employed triphenyl phosphite, tri-4-chlorophenyl phosphite; tri-2- chlorophenyl phosphite; tri-3-chlorophenyl sphosphite; tri- Z-methyl-phenyl phosphite; tri-B-methylphenyl phosphite; tri-4-methylphenyl phosphite; the trimethylphenyl phos- .phite made by using a commercial meta-para-cresol mixture as the starting material; tri-2-bromophenyl phosphite; tri4-tert.-buty1phenyl phosphite; tri-2-tert.-butylphenyl phosphite; tri-4-n-butylphenyl phosphite; tri-4-n-octylphenyl phosphite; tri-2-cyclohexylphenyl phosphite; 2,4- dimethylphenyl phosphite.

The preferred starting materials are triphenyl phosphite and pentaerythritol. As typical examples of the new products made from pentaerythritol there may be mentioned:

Typical examples of the products from dipentaerythritol are made by partial transesterification of one mol of dipentaerythritol with 6 mols of one of the following compounds: triphenyl phosphite; tri-m-chlorophenyl phosphite; tri-p-chl or-ophenyl phosphite; tri o-chlor-ophenyl phosphite; tri-o-methylphenyl phosphite; tri-m-methylphenyl phosphite; tri-p-methylphenyl phosphite; tri-obr-omophenyl phosphite; tri-p-tert. butyllphenyl phosphite; tri-o-tert. butylphenyl phosphite; tri-p-n-butylphenyl phosphite; tri-p-n-octyl|phenyl phosphite; trio-cyclohexylphenyl phosphite; tri-o-p-dimethylphenyl phosphite.

Typical examples of the products from triphentaerythritol are made by partial trans-esterification of one mol of tripentaerythritol with 8 mols of triphenyl phosphite or 8 mols of any one of the other triar-omatic phosphites previously mentioned as suitable for forming the novel products With dipentaerythritol.

The reaction between the tertiary aromatic phosphite and the pentaerythritol dipentaerythritol or tripentaerythritol can be carried out at widely varying temperatures, e.g., from room temperature to 100 C. or even reflux temperature in many instances. There is no need to use a catalyst although it is desirable to use a basic catalyst soluble in the reaction medium, particularly when lower temperatures, such as C., for example, are employed. Typical catalysts are sodium phenate, trialkyl amines, e.g., triethyl amine, pyridine, etc. When a catalyst is employed, it is preferably used in a small amount, e.g., 0.01 mol per mol of the pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol or tripentaerythritol. Example 1 One mol of pentaerythritol, 4 mols of triphenyl phosphite and 0.01 mol of sodium phenate were allowed to stand together at room temperature and atmospheric pressure for half an hour and then the mixture was heated to 120 C. at 10 mm. pressure until the phenol formed all distilled. The yield of phenol was substantially quantitative for removal of 'one of the phenyl groups from the triphenyl phosphite. The residue was the desired [(Q t l with a melting point 20 C.; N 1.58100; D 1.2100. The product was soluble in acetone, ether, toluene, benzene, glycol and most common solvents, except water and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Example 2 Example 1 was repeated without the use of the sodium phenate catalyst with substantially the same results.

Example 3 Example 1 was repeated using one mol of pentaerythritol and two mols of the triphenyl phosphite. The product obtained in quantitative yields was This compound was insoluble in water but soluble in hot hexane and other aliphatic hydrocarbons. It has a melting point of 123 C.

Example 4 Example 1 was repeated using one mol of pentaerythritol and three mols of the triphenyl phosphite. The product obtained in quantitative yields has the formula Example 5 Example 1 was repeated using one mol of dipentaerythritol and 6 mols of triphenyl phosphite to obtain a prodnot which analyzed for C H O P (the partial transesterification product resulting from complete reaction without an axcess of the triphenyl phosphite or the dipentaerythritol being left over).

Example 6 Example 1 was repeated using one mol of tripentaerythritol and 8 mols of triphenyl phosphite to obtain a product which analyzed for C H O P (the partial transesterification product resulting from complete reaction without an excess of the triphenyl phosphite or the tripentaerythritol being left over).

Any of the other pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol or tripentaerythritol phosphites set forth above can be prepared as set forth in Examples l-6 by replacing the triphenyl phosphite by the appropriate other aromatic phosphite.

The new phosphites prepared as described above, i.e., the phosphites obtained by partial trans-esterification of the tertiary aromatic phosphites with pentaerythritol, dipentaerythrit-ol or tripentaerythritol have been found to be useful as heat stabilizers for halogen containing vinyl and vinylidene resins in which the halogen is attached direct-ly to the carbon atoms in the polymer chain. Preferably, the resin is a vinyl halide resin, specifically a vinyl chloride resin. Usually the vinyl chloride resin is made from monomers consisting of vinyl chloride alone or a mixture of monomers comprising at least 70% vinyl chloride by weight. The phosphite stabilizer is normally used in an amount of 0.05 to 20 parts per parts of the vinyl chloride resin and preferably in an amount between 0.5 and 10 parts perlOO parts of resin.

As the chlorinated resin there can be employed chlorinated polyethylene having about 14 to about 75%, e.g., 27% chlorine, by weight, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl bromide, polyvinyl fluoride, copolymers of vinyl chloride with 1 to 30% by weight copolymerizable materials such as vinyl acetate, vinylidene chloride, diethyl fumarate, diethyl maleate and other alkyl fumarates and ma'leates, vinyl propionate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and other alkyl acrylates, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate and other methacrylates, methyl-alphachloroacrylate, styrene trichloroethylene, etc. Typical copolymers include vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate (95:5 weight ratio), vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate (87:13 weight ratio), vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride (86: 13:1 weight ratio), vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride (95:5 weight ratio), vinyl chloride-diethyl fumarate (95:5 weight ratio), vinyl chloride-trichloroethylene (95:5 Weight ratio).

The vinyl and vinylidene polymers employed and copolymers can be formed by any of the conventional processes. Suitable methods include aqueous emulsion polymerization, as well as organic solvent polymerization, etc.

The stabilizers of the present invention can be incorporated with the resins in conventional manner. Thus, they can be mixed together with or without a volatile solvent such as acetone and the resulting mixture milled on rol'ls at 100 to 160 C. until it is completely homogenized. To prevent discoloration due to heat it is preferable to mix the resin and stabilizer thoroughly before heating. The stabilized resin is removed from the mill in the form of a sheet and can be used as such.

In addition to the novel stabilizer there can also be incorporated with the resin plasticizers, pigments, fillers and other conventional additives, either prior to or during the milling operation. If a plasticizer is employed, it is used in conventional amount, e.g., 40 to 150 parts per 100 parts of resin. Typical plasticizers are di-Z-ethylhexyl phthalate, dibutyl sebacate, di-octyl sebacate, tricresyl phosphate, etc.

Example 7 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride, 40 parts by weight dioctyl sebacate and parts by weight of were thoroughly mixed and then homogenized by working on a roll mill heated at 145 C. for 3 minutes. The composition thus produced was removed in the form of a colorless sheet. This sheet proved resistant to color changes, e.g., upon being subjected to 160 C. for 5 minutes. Without the phosphite a control sample seriously discolored under these testing conditions.

Example 8 Example 7 was repeated replacing the [(Q WJ by the same amount of O-Cg: /GH2O\ 00, CH,0

Example 7 was repeated replacing the Example 10 by the same amount of the pentaerythritol phosphite prepared in Example 4.

Example 11 Example 7 was repeated replacing the by the same amount of the dipentaerythritol phosphite prepared in Example 5.

Example 12 Example was repeated replacing the Example 13 Separate batches were made of 100 parts of a commercial vinyl chloride resin (Geon 103-EP), 45 parts of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and (a) 2 parts of bariumcadmium laurate, (b) 1.5 parts of barium-cadmium laurate and 0.5 part of diphenyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, (c) 1.5 parts of barium-cadmium laurate and 0.5 part of tetra (diphenyl phosphite) pentaerythritol, (d) 1.5 parts of barium-cadmium laurate and 0.5 part of triphenyl phosphite, (e) 1.5 parts of barium-cadmium laurate and 0.5 part of tridecyl phosphite.

Compositions (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) were then heated at 350 P. All of the compositions became progressively darker with increased exposure to this elevated temperature. Composition (a) was black after minutes exposure. Composition (b) was a red brown after 120 minutes exposure and even after this length of time was lighter in color than composition (a) was after 60 minutes. Composition (c) was black after 120 minutes exposure, but after 105 minutes exposure was lighter in color than composition (a) was after 60 minutes exposure. Composition (b) at 120 minutes exposure and composition (c) after 105 minutes exposure were about as light as composition (a) after 45 minutes exposure. Composition (d) was black after 75 minutes exposure and showed little, if any, lighter color than composition (a) except for exposure times not over 45 minutes. Composition (e) after minutes exposure was darker than composition (c) after minutes of exposure.

These data show that diphenylpentaerythritol diphosphite and tetra (diphenyl phosphite) pentaerythritol are superior in performance to the more conventional types of phosphites, e.g., triphenyl phosphite and tridecyl phosphite. Diphenylpentaerythritol diphosphite was definitely superior to tetra (diphenyl phosphite) pentaerythritol as a heat stabilizer.

In similar heat stabilizer tests at 350 F. employing dibasic lead stearate (1) alone or admixed with (2) triphenyl phosphite, (3) diphenylpentaerythritol diphosphite or (4) tetra (diphenyl phosphite) pentaerythritol, compositions (3) and (4) were superior to composition (2) in long time heat stability and composition (2) was superior to composition (1).

In similar heat stability tests at 350 F. employing a. tin mercaptan (RS-31 of Metal and Thermit Corporation), diphenylpentaerythritol disphosphite and tetra (diphenyl phosphite) pentaerythritol both proved superior to the use of an identical amount of triphenyl phosphite.

Thus, the phosphites of the present invention not only are effective heat stabilizers themselves for vinyl halide resins, but they can be employed as additives with other vinyl halide resin stabilizers, e.g., the barium and cadmium soaps such as barium laurate, cadmium stearate, barium-cadmium palmitate, etc.

When the phosphites of the present invention are used with other heat stabilizers, generally to 95% of the total stabilizer can be the novel phosphite.

We claim:

1. A composition of matter comprising a halogen containing resin selected from the group consisting of vinyl and vinylidene resins in which the halogen is attached directly to the carbon atoms in the polymer chain and an effective stabilizing amount of a product selected from the group consisting of partial transesterification products of dipentaerythritol or tripentaerythritol with a phosphite having the formula where R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cyclohexyl, chlorine and bromine, said partial transesterification product being of the formula when it is a derivative of dipentaerythritol and a phosphite wherein R is hydrogen, being of the formula 2. A composition according to claim 15 wherein the resin is a vinyl halide resin.

3. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the resin is a vinyl chloride resin.

4. A composition according to claim 3 wherein the phosphite is present in an amount of 0.05 to 20 parts per 100 parts of the resin.

5. A composition according to claim 4 wherein the vinyl chloride resin is made from monomeric components comprising at least vinyl chloride and up to 30% of a copolymerizable monomer.

6. A composition of matter comprising a vinyl chloride resin stabilized with a small but effective amount of the transesterification product of 1 mol of dipentaerythritol with 6 mols of triphenyl phosphite.

7. A composition of matter comprising a vinyl chloride resin stabilized with a small but effective amount of the transesterification product of 1 mol of tripentaerythritol with 8 mols of triphenyl phosphite.

8. A composition according to claim 1, including an additional heat stabilizer selected from the group consisting of barium and cadmium soaps.

9. A composition according to claim 8, wherein the additional heat stabilizer is barium-cadmium laurate.

FOREIGN PATENTS 4/1956 France.

LEON J. BERCOVITZ, Primary Examiner.

MILTON STERMAN, ALLEN M. BOETTCHER, AL-

FONSO D. SULLIVAN, Examiners.

W. MAGIDSON, S. P. JONES, H. E. TAYLOR, R. W.

GRIFFIN, Assistant Examiners,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No 3,281,381 October 25, 1966 Ingenuin Hechenbleikner et al.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered pat.- ent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 7, lines 42 and 43, the formula should appear as shown below instead of as in the patent:

0 P-OCHZ c column 8, line 13, after "Example" insert 7 column 8, lines 14 to 16, the formula should appear as shown below instead of as in the patent:

0 POCHZ c Column 10, line 1, for the claim reference numeral "15" read l Signed and sealed this 28th day of November 1967,

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD MDFLETCHERJRQ EDWARD J. BRENNER Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents 

1. A COMPOSITION OF MATTER COMPRISING A HALOGEN CONTAINING RESIN SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF VINYL AND VINYLIDENE RESINS IN WHICH THE HALOGEN IS ATTACHED DIRECTLY TO THE CARBON ATOMS IN THE POLYMER CHAIN AND AN EFFECTIVE STABILIZING AMOUNT OF A PRODUCT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF PARTIAL TRANSESTERIFICATION PRODUCTS OF DIPENTAERYTHRITOL OR TRIPENTAERYTHRITOL WITH A PHOSPHITE HAVING THE FORMULA 